海洋保护区与国家海洋发展战略

摘要

海洋面积约占地球表面积的71%,作为地球上最大的生态系统,海洋承担着支撑地球所有生命系统的重要作用,保护海洋生态环境已经成为海洋战略的重要组成部分.在梳理全球以海洋保护区的形式保护海洋生态环境总体态势的基础上,分析了利用海洋保护区行使海洋管理权,进而实现国家海洋发展战略的国际新动向.针对我国海洋保护区建设的现状和存在的问题,提出未来海洋保护区的发展构想,即:近期或中期在我国的东海、南海等海域设立国家海洋保护区(或海洋国家公园),远期在南北极以及公海建立海洋保护区.%The oceans cover 71% of the surface area of our planet.It is the world's single largest ecosystem and plays a central role in supporting all life on Earth.Marine ecosystem has been the one of important components of a national marine strategy.This study, firstly, reviews overall situation of the conservation of marine protected areas(MPAs) in the world which is, by common consent, the very good protection tool for the marine ecosystem and biodiversity.Then, it is analyzed for a new international trend that using MPAs marine management authorities will be exercised, furthermore the national marine development strategy will be realized.Finally, the situation and issues-based strategies for China's MPAs are proposed which includes in short term the MPAs would be designated and set in East China Sea, South China Sea, etc., and in long term the MPAs or marine parks either the national or cooperative would be set in the Arctic Pole Sea, the Antarctic Pole Sea, and the high seas.