江西省某强制隔离戒毒所青少年药物滥用现状调查

摘要

目的 了解青少年药物滥用的现状及流行特征,为成瘾性物质的监管以及青少年药物滥用的早期干预提供依据.方法 采用自行设计健康状况调查问卷对江西省某强制隔离戒毒所2016年7月所有收治人员进行问卷调查,问卷调查内容包括一般人口学特征、药物滥用情况、家庭、社会等相关信息,以及对药物滥用的认识和态度等.问卷中的精神活性物质包括传统毒品、合成毒品、医用麻醉药品、医用精神药品及处方药和非处方药.结果 共调查1353人,均为男性,其中青少年(17~25岁)药物滥用者237人,占17.52%.237例青少年药物滥用者以未婚(84.39%)、初中学历(60.34%)和无业人员(59.92%)为主;在过去12个月曾经使用的和主要滥用的精神活性物质中合成毒品的使用频率均高于传统毒品,其中使用占比最高的是冰毒(分别为89.03%和88.61%);初次滥用药物的平均年龄为(18.76±2.76)岁;使用原因以"追求欣快/刺激"(41.35%)、"满足好奇"(32.91%)和"空虚无聊,为消遣"(29.54%)为主,使用场所多为宾馆/饭店(67.51%),获得途径以同伴提供(72.57%)为主,使用方式主要是烫吸(75.95%).结论 应重视青少年滥用合成毒品和非医疗目的使用精神活性药物的现象,而低年龄段、低学历、无业、未婚的青少年是药物滥用的重点干预和监测人群.%Objective To get information on the current status and epidemiological characteristics of drug abuse among teenagers,and to provide the basis for supervision of addictive substances and early intervention of drug abuse.Methods Drug abusers admitted to a compulsory isolation detoxification center in Jiangxi in July 2016 were surveyed using self-designed health questionnaire.The content included demographic characteristics,drug abuse status,relevant information about family and society,and awareness and attitude to drug abuse.The psychoactive substances in the questionnaire included traditional drugs,synthetic drugs,medical anesthetics,medical psychotropic drugs,prescription drugs and non-prescription drugs.Results Among the 1353 male respondents,273(17.52%) aged 17-25 years.Among these teenagers,84.39% were unmarried,60.34% had junior high school degree,and 59.92% were unemployed.The frequency of synthetic drug use was higher than that of traditional drug use in the past 12 months,and the psychoactive substance used most frequently was methamphetamine(89.03% and 88.61%,respectively).The average age was(18.76±2.76) years at first drug abuse.The main reasons for drug abuse were "pursuing euphoria/stimulation"(41.35%),"satisfying curiosity"(32.91%) and "recreation"(29.54%).The major places of drug abuse were restaurants/hotels(67.51%).The drugs were mainly provided by peers(72.57%).The main usage mode was inhalation(75.95%).Conclusion More attention should be paid to the phenomenon that adolescents abuse synthetic and psychoactive drugs without medical purposes.The emphasis should be placed on the intervention and monitoring of drug abuse in teenagers with low education who are unemployed and unmarried.