先秦两汉寓言叙事话语研究

摘要

Compared with Aesop' s fables, the allegories between the Pre - Qin Period and the Han Dynasties expressed the implied meaning with the natural end and they belonged to the open works, but Aesop' s fables ended with clear lessons, belonging to the close works. The former had close relation with number three in telling stories : narrating the core events three times, repeating important words three times, repeating important actions three times, so as to deepen the implication of allegories. They adopted the narrative mode of performative discourse to achieve the goals of advice, persuasion, etc. the openness, repetition and the performative characteris- tics have profound influence on the speech mode of novels, plays and poems.%与伊索寓言相比，先秦两汉寓言以自然流露的结局表达寓意，属开放型作品，而伊索寓言有着明确的教训话语作结，属于封闭的作品；先秦两汉寓言在讲述故事时与数字“三”颇有渊源：寓言中的核心事件叙述3次、重要话语讲述3遍、重大行动重复3次，以此来加深印证寓言的寓意；采取“施为”性话语叙述模式达到告知、说服、劝阻等目的；叙事话语模式的开放式、反复性、施为性特征深刻影响了小说、戏剧、诗歌的言说方式。