Typhoid is a global concern. About 21 million people are infected by Salmonella typhi (S. typhi) every year, and nearly 5% of them become chronic carriers. Current studies indicate that chronic S. typhi infection is associated with gallstone and gallbladder cancer, a relatively rare neoplasm with increasing incidence rates in certain populations. The incidence rates of gallstone and gallbladder cancer are two-fold higher in women than in men. The chronic carrier state is a risk factor not only for gallbladder cancer but also for other cancers in some extent. The research on relationships among typhoid carrier state, biofilm and gallstone formation, and gallbladder cancer are reviewed in this paper.%近年来,世界范围内伤寒发病人数有所上升,每年大约有2100万人感染,近5％感染者会发展成慢性带菌者.慢性带菌状态发展成胆结石的危险性很高,胆结石表面形成的生物膜有助于保持慢性带菌状态,进而可能发展成胆囊癌.胆囊癌比较少见,但在某些国家和地区发病率高,且女性胆结石和胆囊癌的发病率是男性的2倍多.慢性带菌状态不仅是胆囊癌发生的危险因素,也是其他癌症发生的危险因素.本文就伤寒带菌状态与生物膜和胆结石的形成及发展成胆囊癌的相关性研究进行综述.
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