2008-2010年青岛近海浒苔暴发气象条件及其漂移特征

摘要

Based on the monitoring information of Enteromorpha Prolifera from 2008 to 2010,characteristics of at-mospheric circulation,hydro-meteorological elements during Enteromorpha Prolifera outbreak period were ana-lyzed and dynamics mechanism of movement of Enteromorpha Prolifera to the seashore of Qingdao was ex-plained.The results show that the high over the sea instead of the high over the land controlling the Yellow Sea is the key for Enteromorpha Prolifera movement to the north.Sunshine duration increases sharply after continuous rain and fog weather,which is favorable to the blooming of Enteromorpha Prolifera.Surface current is driven and controlled by sea surface wind at offshore of Qingdao in summer.Wind becomes a key element for Enteromorpha Prolifera movement and accumulation at Qingdao seashore after Enteromorpha Prolifera drifts to the south of Qingdao.The change of wind can lead to different drift tracks of Enteromorpha Prolifera.In 2008 and 2010,Enter-omorpha Prolifera moves to the Qingdao seashore along the northwest direction under the situation of lasting southeast wind and ashore current along southeast-northwest direction,and then Enteromorpha Prolifera accumu-lates at the seashore driven by wind southerly.On the other hand,there is largely part of westerly wind and surface current paralleling with the coastline in 2009,and Enteromorpha Prolifera at the south of Qingdao turns to the east.As a result,Enteromorpha Prolifera causes little impact to Qingdao.%基于2008—2010年青岛近海浒苔观测资料，分析青岛近海海域浒苔暴发期间的大气环流、气象要素和水文要素特征，阐述影响青岛浒苔运动的气象动力学机制。结果表明：6月海上高压取代大陆高压控制黄海海域是浒苔北移的关键；连续的雨雾天气过后，日照剧增，有利于浒苔大面积繁殖。夏季青岛近海海洋表层环流主要受海面风的支配，当浒苔到达青岛南部海域后，青岛近海的风是决定浒苔是否向青岛沿岸漂移堆积的关键因素，风场的差异可以导致浒苔不同漂移的路径。2008年和2010年青岛近海持续的东南风配合东南—西北向表层流场，使浒苔向西北方向漂移到达青岛近海，其后在偏南风的主导下向青岛海岸涌进，造成浒苔在青岛海岸大面积聚集；2009年青岛近海明显的西南风及与岸线平行的西南—东北向表层流场使青岛南部海域的浒苔向东北方向漂移，青岛海岸受浒苔影响较小。