辽宁境内高铁沿线不良气象条件时空分布特征

摘要

本文对影响辽宁境内高速铁路安全的1982—2012年辽宁省低温、积雪、暴雨、雾、大风、雷暴及冰雹等不良气象条件的时空分布特征进行了分析。结果表明：除辽东半岛和环渤海地区为寒冷区外，辽宁省大部地区为高寒地区。1982—2012年辽宁省1月积雪日数最多，长达13 d；最大积雪深度为50 cm以上，主要出现在辽宁省中北部地区、东部山区及营口地区；辽宁省暴雨主要集中出现在5—6月，月平均暴雨发生次数为0.2次以上，其中辽西地区和东部山区年平均暴雨日数较多，约为2 d；近30 a辽宁省年平均雷暴发生次数为5.0—7.0次，6—8月为雷暴高发时段，辽宁省中北部及朝阳地区为雷暴高发区，年平均雷暴发生次数为30.0次以上，其他地区年平均雷暴发生次数为21.0—30.0次。根据不良气象条件对高铁运营时段和路段影响的差异性特点，划分了气象服务关键期和关键路段，并提出了辽宁省高铁气象服务的发展方向。%Temporal-spatial distributions of bad-weather conditions including low temperature,snow cover,rain-storm,fog,wind,thunderstorm and hail,which can influence the High-speed Railway (HSR)operations,were in-vestigated using methods of a spatial analysis and a time serial analysis.Observational data from 52 weather sta-tions in Liaoning province from 1982 to 2012 were used to conduct this study.The results show that the most parts of Liaoning province belong to extremely cold region except for the Liaodong Peninsula and circum-Bohai sea are-as where they belong to cold region.The maximum number of days with snow cover appears in January (1 3 days) from 1982 to 2002.The areas with snow depth more than 50 cm are distributed in the mid-north and eastern moun-tain of Liaoning province as well as Yingkou.Most rainstorms happen in May and June and the number of month-ly-occurrence time is about 0. 2 on average.The number of annual average rainstorm days with 2 days is relative high in western part and eastern mountain regions of Liaoning.Annual average frequency of thunderstorm ranges from 5 to 7 for recently 30 years and most thunderstorms happen from June to August.The areas with high fre-quency (more than 30 times per year)of thunderstorm are distributed in the mid-north of Liaoning and Chaoyang. Comparatively,the frequency of thunderstorm in other areas is 2 1-30 per year.According to the influence charac-teristics of severe weather on the periods and sections of HSR,crucial periods and sections of meteorological serv-ice for severe weather along the HSR in Liaoning province are provided.Finally,the further development trends and directions of meteorological service for the HSR are proposed.