1961-2013年巴州地区日照时数变化特征分析

摘要

Based on daily sunshine duration,temperature,precipitation,wind speed and relative humidity at 7 weather stations in Bayingolin Mongol Autonumous Prefecture( Bazhou)of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from 1961 to 2013 ,temporal and spatial trends of annual and monthly as well as seasonal sunshine duration and its influence factors were analyzed by methods of a linear fitting,a 5 years sliding mean,an accumulated anomaly and a Mann-Kendall mutation test. The results indicate that annual average sunshine duration obviously decreases at the rate of 46. 1 h per decade,so are the four seasonal values at the rates of 3. 6 h per decade in spring,16. 3 h per dec-ade in summer,12. 1 h per decade in autumn and 14. 1 h per decade in winter respectively. The order of contribu-tion to the change of annual sunshine duration from high to low in turn is summer,winter,autumn and spring. The maximum and minimum sunshine duration occur in August and December and account for 9. 9% and 6. 0% of the total annual sunshine duration respectively. The monthly sunshine duration are in a decreasing trend except in A-pril. An abrupt change occurs in 1985 for annual sunshine duration,1988 for summer sunshine duration,1984 for autumn sunshine duration and 1985 for winter sunshine duration,while there is not the abrupt change for spring sunshine duration. Annual sunshine duration has a negative correlation with annual mean temperature,precipitation and relative humidity,while it has a positive correlation with wind speed.%利用一元线性回归法、5 a滑动平均法、累积距平法及Mann-Kendall突变检验法对1961—2013年新疆巴音鄂楞蒙古自治州（简称巴州）地区7个国家气象站的日照时数、气温、降水、风速和相对湿度逐日资料进行分析，研究巴州地区日照时数年、季及月的时空变化趋势，并对影响日照时数的气候因子进行了分析。结果表明：1961—2013年巴州地区年平均日照时数呈减少的趋势，减少速率为46.1 h／10 a；四季日照时数均呈减少的趋势，春季、夏季、秋季、冬季日照时数减少速率分别为3.6 h／10 a、16.3 h／10 a、12.1 h／10 a和14.1 h／10 a；对年日照时数而言，夏季和冬季日照时数贡献最大，秋季次之，春季日照时数贡献最小。巴州地区日照时数最大值和最小值分别出现在8月与12月，分别占年总日照时数的9.9％和6.0％，除4月外，其余各月日照时数均呈减少的趋势。1961—2013年巴州地区日照时数突变出现在1985年，夏季、秋季、冬季日照时数突变分别出现在1988年、1984年和1985年，春季日照时数未出现突变。巴州地区气温、降水、相对湿度与日照时数均呈显著的负相关关系，风速与日照时数呈显著的正相关关系。