利用1981-2010年黄、渤海沿海44个气象站大风资料,根据中央气象台对近海海区的划分,分析了近30 a黄、渤海近海5海区大风的气候特征,以及通过天气分型对2008-2012年黄、渤海沿海大风的影响系统进行了统计,结果表明:近30 a黄、渤海沿海5海区日最大风速≥6级和≥8级日数呈递减趋势,1980s大风日数较多,各海区≥6级大风在1981年和1987年前后均有两个峰值.≥6级大风日数随季节变化的峰值,渤海海区出现在春季,黄海南部海区是春季、夏季8月和秋季11月,渤海海峡、黄海北部和中部海区则主要是春季和冬季.渤海海区以偏北风和南南西风为主导风向,与其他海区以北或西北风为主的特征明显不同.冷锋是黄、渤海沿海大风最主要的影响系统,其次是气旋型和高低压型大风.另外以850 hPa温度平流的强度、冷/暖中心的强度、等温线密集带梯度、地面高/低压强度、地面大风前3 h/24 h最强变压中心强度和地面气压梯度等要素为着眼点,对不同类型的大风指标进行了分析.%By using the gale data of 44 weather stations about the coastal Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea from 1981 to 2010,and according to the definitions of the China coastal sea-areas by the National Meteorological Center,the characteristics of gale in five coastal sea-areas were analyzed.Moreover,the weather system of the coastal Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea was statistically analyzed by using the method of weather classification from 2008 to 2010.Results are as follows:the annual variation of the days of strong wind above six and eight grade over five coastal sea-areas is significantly decreasing.The stronggest wind days occurred in 1980s',and there were two peak value in 1981 and 1987.The above six grade gale mainly occurs in spring of the Bohai Sea,and in spring and August of the south Yellow Sea and November,and occurs in spring and winter of the Bohai straits and the northern and central Yellow Sea.The north and southwest wind is the majority in the Bohai Sea,and the other coastal sea-areas are mosdy north wind.The most weather system is cold front,and the next are cyclone and high-low pressure type.In addition,the gale index was statistically analyzed about different system types by the meteorological element at 850 hPa temperature advection,the 850 hPa central strength of temperature,the gradient of isotherm ribbon,the strength of surface high/low pressure,the allobaric strength of surface in 3 h/24 h and the barometric gradient of surface.
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