低剂量苯接触的暴露和效应生物标志物的研究进展

摘要

Exposure to high concentrations of benzene can induce leukemia and other serious hematological diseases in human. However, detrimental effects of low-dose benzene on the human health remain largely unknown. Measurement of exposure and effect biomarkers is fundamental to monitor the health risks induced by exposure of chemical substances. The exposure biomarkers of low-dose benzene include benzene in blood and urine, urinary metabolites of benzene, DNA and protein adducts. The effect biomarkers of low-dose benzene include biomarkers of hematotoxicity, genetic damage, oxidative stress and epigenetic changes. Here, we review the research advances in these biomarkers in an attempt to provide theoretical basis for monitoring the risk of low-dose ben-zene for diseases.%高剂量苯接触能引起白血病和其他严重的血液系统疾病，但低剂量苯接触对人体健康的危害仍不清楚。测定暴露和效应生物标志物是监测接触化学物后相关疾病风险的重要方式。低剂量苯接触的暴露标志物包括血苯、尿苯、尿中苯的代谢产物以及苯的DNA和蛋白加合物；低剂量苯接触的效应标志物包括血液毒性、遗传损伤、氧化应激以及表观遗传学指标。文章通过探讨上述暴露及效应生物标志物在人群中的研究进展，拟为低剂量苯接触相关疾病风险的监测提供理论依据。