利用单一结构元素对遥感图像进行形态学边缘检测时,可能会出现边缘不完整、抑制噪声能力差等问题.为此,提出了一种基于可变结构元素的遥感图像形态学边缘检测方法.首先,依据遥感图像目标的多样性,构造不同尺度和包含多方位的结构元素,以此可变结构元素为基础,构建相应的形态学运算,对遥感图像进行Top-hat和Bottom-hat变换,抑制目标背景中的噪声,突出图像目标边缘;然后利用构造的可变结构元素进行形态学边缘检测,获得多幅具有不同尺度和方位边缘特征的图像;最后对各个方向边缘进行加权求和得到图像边缘,运用最小二乘法对其边缘进行拟合,从而精确地定位出目标边缘轮廓.实验结果表明,本文方法能够检测到完整的遥感图像边缘信息,边缘检测精度较高,抗噪性能优越,相比经典边缘检测算子和单一结构元素的形态学边缘检测方法,图像边缘检测效果较好,检测精度达到 95%.%There are problems such as incomplete edges and poor noise suppression when a single fixed morphological structuring element is used to detect the edges in remote sensing images.For this reason,a morphological edge detection method for remote sensing image based on variable structuring element is proposed.Firstly,the structuring elements with different scales and multiple directions are constructed according to the diversity of remote sensing imagery targets.In order to suppress the noise of the target background and highlight the edge of the image target in the remote sensing image by adaptive Top-hat and Bottom-hat transform,the corresponding adaptive morphological operations are constructed based on variable structuring elements;Secondly,adaptive morphological edge detection is used to obtain multiple images with different scales and directional edge features;Finally,the image edges are obtained by weighted summation of each direction edge,and then the least square is used to fit the edges for accurate location of the edge contour of the target.The experimental results show that the proposed method not only can detect the complete edge of remote sensing image,but also has high edge detection accuracy and superior anti-noise performance.Compared with classical edge detection and the morphological edge detection with a fixed single structuring element,the proposed method performs better in edge detection effect,and the accuracy of detection can reach 95%.
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