The abyssal peridotites, sourced from the upper mantle, were commonly serpentinized by the down seeping sea water while the rocks were coming up to the seafloor. Both material exchange and energy exchange among mantle, oceanic crust and sea water occurred during the serpentinization of abyssal peridotite. The study of serpentinization, therefore, becomes the effective approach and fundament of the research in interaction among these spheres mentioned above. This review introduces systematically the global distribution of serpentinized abyssal peridotite, its mineral composition and texture features, based on the research of precursors. The temperature and pressure conditions of the serpentinization, and the element flux during the alteration process are also discussed. The relationships between abyssal peridotite serpentinization and hydrothermal activity have been presented as a hot debate.%深海橄榄岩来源于上地幔,上地幔岩石在上升出露到海底的过程中,普遍与下渗海水发生蛇纹石化作用.深海橄榄岩蛇纹石化过程中伴随着地幔、洋壳及海水间的物质和能量交换,因而是研究上述各圈层间相互作用的有效途径和重要基础.基于前人的研究成果,系统介绍了蛇纹石化深海橄榄岩的分布、矿物组成及结构特征,讨论了蛇纹石化作用的温、压条件及蛇纹石化过程中的化学元素迁移,并探讨了深海橄榄岩蛇纹石化作用与热液活动的关系.
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