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龙岩市非煤地下矿山采空区处理方法的选择

     

摘要

The abandoned stope disposal is one of the most difficult problems in safety technology management of non-coal underground mine. In this paper, the main disposal methods for abandoned stope are analyzed and evaluated. According to the practical conditions of 91 non-coal underground mines in Longyan City, the following conclusions were drawn based on detailed analysis of seven facets, such as ore-rock characteristics, mineral products value, local climatic features, etc. The carving method and isolating dredge gob are not recommended to deal with the non-coal underground mines in Longyan. Non-coal underground mined-out areas in Longyan could be divided into three categories for proper disposal. The first category gobs are those metal mines with high commodity value and large orebody. When dealing with this kind of gob, filling method is recommended with two situations, namely, up-down and bottom up. The second category gobs are those non-metal mines with low commodity value and large orebody which can be supported with permanent pillars. The permanent pillar-supporting method have three ways with different recovery rates, one step mining at high and medium levels, one step mining at medium and low levels, and three-step mining which combines permanent pillar-supporting with waste filling. The third category gobs are small mines with high commodity value and small orebody. In this situation, the sealing treatment is appropriate. The key point is to build a well-operated drainage system in case of water inrush accident in mined-out areas.%采空区处理是非煤地下矿山安全技术管理的难题。分析评价了主要的采空区处理方法。根据龙岩市91个非煤地下矿山的实际情况,从矿岩特征、矿产品价值、地方气候特点等七个方面深入分析,得出:龙岩市非煤地下矿山不宜采用崩落法和隔离疏通空区法进行采空区处理;龙岩市非煤地下矿山采空区可分三类进行处理,第一类是矿产品价值高、矿体大的金属矿山,须采用充填处理法,应用时其采矿顺序有自上而下、自下而上两种情况;第二类是矿产品价值低、矿体大的非金属矿山,应采用永久矿柱支撑法,应用时有高中段一步骤回采、低中段一步骤回采和永久矿柱支撑+废碴回填三步骤回采三种方式,三种方式的回采率不同;第三类是矿产品价值高、矿体小的小型矿山,采空区较小,采用封闭处理就可,关键是要做好排水系统,防治发生老空区透水事故。

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