海水冲厕应用与研究进展

摘要

Toilet⁃flushing with seawater is one of effective routes to save freshwater resources. A large quantity of related problems have been researched, in which main points are focused on improving seawater treatment efficiency, reducing the seawater treatment cost, expanding the salt tolerance scope of activated sludge system and developing the treatment process of sewage containing salt. A number of important progresses are obtained, which includes the reference standard of toilet⁃flushing seawater quality, the main treatment technology of toilet⁃flushing seawater with flocculent⁃sediment⁃filtration and the domesticated activated sludge can be used to treat the toilet⁃flushing seawater under the condition of normal temperature and mass concentration of NaCl less than 20 g/L. Eventually, problems that are required to solve in applying seawater to flush toilet are proposed in terms of the quality standard of toilet⁃flushing seawater, the treatment of sewage containing salts and the economic effect of seawater toilet⁃flushing.%　　海水冲厕是节约淡水资源的有效途径之一，相关问题已进行了大量的研究和探讨，主要集中在提高海水处理效率、降低水处理成本、扩大活性污泥系统的耐盐范围和开发含盐生活污水处理新工艺等方面。相关研究取得了一批具有重要意义的成果：提出了冲厕用海水水质的参考标准；絮凝—沉淀—过滤是处理冲厕海水的主要工艺；在常温及NaCl质量浓度小于20 g/L时，活性污泥系统经过驯化，可以处理含盐生活污水。最后就海水冲厕水质标准、含盐生活污水处理与海水冲厕经济效益3个方面提出了海水冲厕在应用过程中需要解决的问题。