大气对流层气体组分随高度变化的理论预期

摘要

Using the law of temperature-height above sea level and the balanced multi-molecule model, the laws for the com-ponents of the atmosphere convection layer varying by the height above sea level are obtained. The laws show that the volume frac-tion of main components of the atmosphere and the average molar mass of molecules vary linearly by the height above sea level, and the parameters are given by fitting the data of numerical calculations. When the height above sea level increases,the ratio of oxygen components observably descends while the ratio of nitrogen evidently rises,whereas, compared with the variation of temperature with the height, the variation of average molar mass can be ignored. This theory can unaffectedly predict the law of the pressure-height above sea level in a more natural and factual way, compared with the previous models.%利用大气对流层温度随高度变化的规律，采用局部平衡的多分子混合模型，从理论上论证了对流层气体组分随高度变化的规律，发现大气各主要成分体积分数、分子平均摩尔质量均随高度线性变化，并拟合数值计算结果得到了相关参数。氧气的相对体积分数随高度明显下降，而氮气的相对体积分数却明显上升；但是相比于温度随高度的变化，大气分子平均摩尔质量的改变可以忽略。该理论比以往其他模型预测大气压强随高度变化规律具有更自然、更接近实际的优势。