抛物面槽式太阳能集热器热性能稳态与动态测试方法的比较

摘要

抛物面槽式太阳能集热器热性能测试主要可以分为稳态和动态测试2种方法,依据二者所采用的物理模型,比较它们的应用范围,并且分析各自的优缺点.基于北京延庆实验平台测得的天气和集热器运行数据,运用最小二乘法进行模型的多元回归,得到稳态测试模型和动态测试模型的判定系数分别为0.58和0.96.研究表明:对于稳态测试方法,虽然物理参数少,但测试条件要求极高,只能在特定的实验装置上进行,不适合于实际运行方式下的槽式集热器;而动态测试方法充分考虑集热器的光学响应和热容特性,因此很大程度上降低了测试条件,使现场规模化槽式集热器热性能测试成为可能,是未来标准测试方法的发展趋势.%Test for thermal performance of paraboloidal trough solar collectors can be chiefly divided into two kinds as steady-state test and the dynamic one.Based on the physical models employed,their application ranges were compared and their advantages and disadvantages were analyzed.By means of multiple regression of the data on the weather and operation of test platform at Yanqing district,Beijing with least squares method,the determination coefficients for the steady-state and dynamic models were 0.58 and 0.96,respectively.The investigation result showed that,although the mathematical model of the steadystate method would include less physical parameters,the requirements of test conditions would be extremely strict,meaning that this method could only be used on a particular experimental setup and it would be not applicable to paraboloidal trough solar collectors operated in actual practice.As for the dynamic method,however,the optical response and thermal capacitance of collectors were carefully considered,and consequently the test requirements were dramatically lowered,making the on-site test for determining thermal performance of utility-scale paraboloidal tough solar collectors possible and it would be the tendency of the future standard test method.