以白沙溪为示范区,比较了硅藻生物指数评价与我国现阶段河流水质理化评价结果的异同性,同时对白沙溪进行水生态评估.水质理化评价显示白沙溪水质从Ⅰ类到劣Ⅴ类均有出现,而硅藻特定污染敏感指数和硅藻生物指数评价白沙溪水质为“优”到“差”均有出现.二者评价结果总体上相吻合,同时亦存在一定差异.硅藻生态类群组成显示前三个断面以耐低污染硅藻、自养硅藻和喜好很高氧饱和度硅藻为主,4#断面(除2010年11月)以耐中污染和强污染硅藻、异养硅藻、喜好低氧硅藻类群占优势.全年水体各断面均以喜中性和碱性的硅藻类群为主.特定污染敏感指数和硅藻生物指数均与电导率、总磷、氨氮、氯化物之间呈显著负相关,此外硅藻生物指数还与高锰酸盐指数、总氮、亚硝酸盐氮和可溶性磷酸盐之间呈显著负相关.本研究结果对开展我国河流水质生物监测具有一定的借鉴意义,但其在我国的适用性还需要开展进一步的研究.%Baisha River was chosen as a testing area in this research, and the similarities and differences were compared between diatom-based method and physico-chemical method in Chinese rivers at the present stage, besides, water ecological condition had also been assessed in Baisha River. The physico-chemical parameters showed that the water quality level of Baisha River is from Grade I to worse than Grade V, while Specific Pollution Sensitivity Index (SPl) and Biotic Diatom Index (BD1) indicated that its water quality is from bad to high quality level. These two assessment results were almost identical as a whole although differences between them did occur. For diatom eco-type, the results showed that the first three sites are principally dominated by oligosa-probous and (J-mesosaprobous, N-autotrophic, Polyoxybiontic taxa, and the fourth site ( except Nov. 2010) is principally dominated by Meso-to polysaprobous, N-heterotrophic and low aerobic diatom taxa. All sites were dominated by circumneutral and allca-liphilous species in Baisha River. There were negative significant relationships between SPl, BD1 and conductivity, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, and chloride. In addition, there were also negative significant relationships between BDI and permanganate index, total nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, and soluble phosphate. The results of the present study provide a good experience for bio-monitoring in China, but more researches are needed in order to establish Chinese biomonitoring standard.
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