为探讨滇池入湖河流水体营养盐空间分布特征及其对滇池水体富营养化的影响，2014年7月采集了入滇4类典型河流（城市纳污型河流、城乡结合型河流、农田型河流、村镇型河流）及滇池水样，分析其氮、磷浓度。结果表明：4条入湖河流总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）、硝态氮和氨氮污染均较严重；河流水体中TN、TP平均浓度大小为：农田型河流（大河）＞村镇型河流（柴河）＞城乡结合型河流（宝象河）＞城市纳污型河流（盘龙江），其中农田型河流（大河）水体TN、TP污染最为严重；在夏季，4条入湖河流水体中TN、TP浓度从上游向下游增加趋势比较明显，表明氮、磷沿河流不断富集；氮磷比分析表明，夏季河流输入氮、磷营养盐有利于藻类的生长，并且滇池浮游植物生长主要受TN浓度限制；夏季滇池南部入湖河流水体的TN、TP浓度高于北部入湖河流，该特征与滇池水体中TN、TP 污染分布状况相反，推测滇池北部富营养化的主要影响因素是内源释放。因此，在今后的滇池水体富营养化研究中，应对滇池内源释放进行深入研究。%To investigate the spatial distribution of nutrients in the inflow rivers and their influence on the eutrophication of Lake Dianchi, water samples were collected from Lake Dianchi and four different types of the inflow rivers during July of 2014. The four different types of rivers were named as the river in the urban areas, the river in the combination of urban and rural areas, the river dominated by non-point source pollution, and the river dominated by sewage pollution in town and village. The results indicated that, total nitrogen ( TN) , total phosphorus ( TP ) , nitrate nitrogen, and ammonium nitrogen concentrations from the four inflow rivers were very high. The mean concentrations of TN and TP from these inflow rivers were in the order:rivers dominated by non-point source pollution ( Dahe River) > rivers dominated by sewage pollution in town and village ( Chaihe River) > rivers in the combination of urban and rural areas ( Baoxiang River) > rivers in the urban areas ( Panlong River) . The TN and TP concentra-tions from the rivers dominated by non-point source pollution ( Dahe River) were the highest. In summer, it is clearly that the TN and TP concentrations increased from the upstream to the downstream in all four inflow rivers, which means that the TN and TP constantly accumulated. The ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus showed that both TN and TP were sufficient for algal growth from all inflow rivers in summer, but the algal growth in Lake Dianchi was limited by TN. The TN and TP concentrations from the southeast-ern inflow rivers were higher than those from the northwestern rivers, but the law was opposite in Lake Dianchi. Therefore, we speculated that the internal pollutant sources are the major cause of eutrophication of Lake Dianchi. The deeply researches should focus on the internal pollutions for the study on the eutrophication of Lake Dianchi in the future.
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