近代山东巡抚职能转变的历史背景刍议

摘要

The transformation of functions of Shandong Governor General in modern times was caught in a series of specific background.First, The new problem arisen in First and Second Opium War ,.the Sino-Japanese War, the Juye Church Case and the Eight-Nation Allied Army.Its functions of diplomatic affairs and coast defense was outstanding .Second, the Taiping.Amry engaged in the Northern Expeditinoary in Shandong Province and the Nian Amry had been for several years .Finally, the Industrial Revolution spread all over the developing country such as Shandong Province , so every Shandong Governor General was restricted by those events .%近代山东巡抚职能转变恰逢一系列特定的历史背景。首先是西方列强屡犯山东，两次鸦片战争、甲午中日战争、巨野教案和八国联军侵华战争给山东巡抚的职能转变带来新的问题，对外交涉与海防职能显得尤为突出；其次，太平军北伐途经山东以及捻军在山东长期活动；再次，第一次与第二次产业革命在欧美资本主义国家完成后，以叠加的方式向亚非拉发展中国家扩散，逐步浸染至中国山东，也影响着每一位山东巡抚的职能转变与施政。