工程车辆翻车保护结构动态设计方法

摘要

以某ZL80型装载机两柱式翻车保护结构（ROPS）为例，在动态仿真和试验的基础上，结合ISO3471标准要求，提出一种基于人体损伤的翻车保护结构设计方法。该设计方法以事故再现的方式来分析车辆翻车事故中，司机与车辆的运动状态和损伤状况，并以此为依据进行翻车保护系统安全性设计。结果显示：满足静态试验标准的ROPS不能确保佩戴安全带的司机生命安全；ROPS在能确保动态滚翻过程中不侵入人体生存空间的前提下，其刚度越小，假人的损伤值和损伤风险概率也越小；针对两柱式ROPS，应保证其立柱和支腿具有适当的刚度。%Taking the 2-column type rollover protective structure（ROPS） of the loader of type ZLS0 as an example, based on the dynamic simulation and test, according to the requirements of the international standard for ROPS, ISO 3471, a ROPS design method which focuses on minimizing the human body injury was proposed. The design method analyzed the movement and damage of the operator and vehicle in the way of accident reconstruction, and on the basis of this analysis, the ROPS security design was performed. The results show that the ROPS meeting the static test standard could not guarantee the safety of the operator wearing a seat belt. On the premise to assure the human body living space in the dynamic rollover process, the smaller the stiffness of ROPS, the smaller the damage value and damage probability of the dummy. For the 2-column type ROPS, the column and outrigger should have appropriate stiffness.