高效木霉菌株筛选及对针叶苗木立枯病的生防作用

摘要

应用8株木霉分别与苗木立枯病病原菌立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)和腐皮镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)进行平板对峙培养,测定木霉非挥发性和挥发性次生代谢产物对病原菌菌丝生长的影响；应用高效菌株T-C14和T-43及其组合对针叶苗木(落叶松、红松和云杉)立枯病进行室外防治试验,并测定了木霉的促生作用.试验结果表明:在对峙培养及发酵液抑菌试验中,各菌株及其次生代谢产物对2种病原菌均有不同程度的抑制作用,对峙培养中,T-28和T-19对立枯丝核菌和腐皮镰刀菌的抑制率最高,分别达到61.57％和57.31％；T-43发酵液对病原菌的抑制率最高分别达79.41％和77.64％,可以强烈抑制病原菌的生长并具有热稳定性.用木霉菌剂对针叶苗木进行灌根处理,对3种针叶苗木立枯病具有较好的防治效果,其中孢子菌剂好于液体菌剂,对落叶松、红松和云杉立枯病防治效果最高分别为88.60％、83.87％和88.63％;促生方面,液体菌剂好于孢子菌剂.%Eight Trichoderma strains were evaluated against the pathogens Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum in dual culture and through production of volatile and non-volatile inhibitors.Two high efficient strains T-43 and T-C14 were screened and evaluated on the bioeontrol of seedling blight and their growth promoting ability in field experiment.The results show that:in dual culture with pathogens,Trichoderma strains could inhibit the growth of Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum effectively,and the highest inhibition rates were 61.57％ and 57.31％.The non-volatile antibiotics inhibited the growth of pathogens effectively,and the highest inhibition rates on two pathogens were 79.41％and 77.64％.After pouring roots treatment by Trichoderma agents,the control effects on seedling blight for three conifer seedling were 88.60％,83.87％ and 88.63％,and the Trichoderma also enhanced the biomass of plant after this treatment.