试谈美国犹太移民与犹太文学中的“侨易”

摘要

The phenomenon of Qiao Yiwhich occurred on American Jewish immigrants is very common,or rather,a rule.The first shockthat the Jewish immigrants had experienced after they arrived in America,theYi Bianthat they had in theirencounter with the America society and the Jewish immigrants'experiences refracted or reflected in American Jewish literature,commonly illustrate the fundamentals ofphysical displacement leading to spiritual qualitative change. The various modes of Jewish immigration that were tinctured with color of guest people not only bring changes to the Jew-ish life and Jewish literary creation,but also modify their cultural position and value orientation.The author of the pres-ent essay employs some basic ideas of Qiao Yi and method of mutual confirmation of history and literature,to expound the phenomenon of Qiao Yi in the early American Jewish immigrants'life and American Jewish literature through examples taken from early American Jewish immigrants'life,the interrelationship and the interaction between American Jewish im-migrants as well as the American Jewish literature.%对美国犹太移民而言，“侨易”现象十分普遍，甚或说就是一种规律。犹太移民到达美国后所经历的“第一次冲击”、他们在与美国“互动”中所发生的“易变”以及美国犹太作家的移民经历及其作品，都十分生动、翔实地阐释了“物质位移、精神质变”这一基本原理。犹太移民所经历的不同形式的移居生活有一种浓郁的客民色彩，不仅给自己的生活和创作带来了变化，而且还规约着他们的文化定位和价值取向。