晚明柳洲词派考论

摘要

Among Ci School that both in Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty,Liuzhou Ci School was first set up and it has lasted for a long time.It originated in the late Ming WanLi period and formed during Ming ChongZhen period.The name of the forefather'posthumous manuscript that listed in the front of Liuzhou Ci Selection is forty-one in all,which can basi-cally be considered as Ci poets of the Ming Dynasty.There are four Ci poets called Wangwu,Qian Jizhang,Wuxi and Cao Er-kan,each having their own album and a large number of remaining poems,though they have lived for a very long time in the Qing Dynasty.But Wuxi and Cao Er-kan are officials in the Qing Dynasty,so they are usually seen as Ci poets of the Qing Dynasty.However,after some specific investigations into their writing experiences and remaining Ci poems, you'll find the vast majority of the Ci poems are written before the Ming and Qing Dynasties.Wangwu's ten-volumeCa-oxian Cottage Ciand one volume Boxian Room Ci,Qian Jizhang's one-volumeIce Cottage Ci,Wuxi's three-volumeFei Shui Hut's Ci and Cao Er-kan's five-volumeWei You Hut's Ci,those four collected Ci poems are all editions of Wuxi during eight years or nine years in Ming ChongZhen period.The copies can still be found in the National Library today. Referring to the statements of Liuzhou Eight Poets or Yunjian Three Poets,we can just describe the four as Liuzhou Four Poets.Meanwhile,the four collected Ci poems not only mark the formation of early Liuzhou Ci School,but also objec-tively show its'creations.This article gives systemic textual researches and discussions on the formation time of early Li-uzhou Ci School and the Ci poetry works'situations of the four poets of Liuzho before the Qing Dynasty as a result,It de-velops a better precision of certainty and recognition on the origin of Liuzhou Ci School's formation in the Ming Dynasty and recovery in the early Qing Dynasty.%在兼跨明清两代的词派中，柳洲词派创立最早且历时较长。它滥觞于万历末期而形成于崇祯年间。《柳洲词选》卷首所列“先正遗稿姓氏”凡41人，基本上可以视为明代词人。前期柳洲词派中各有专集，且存词数量较多的王屋、钱继章、吴熙、曹尔堪等四位词人，虽然入清之后活了较长时间，吴熙（亮中）和曹尔堪且在入清之后应举为官，所以他们一般被视为清代词人。然而具体考察他们的创作历程与传世词作，就会发现其现存词作中，绝大部分皆写于明清易代之前。王屋《草贤堂词笺》十卷、《蘗弦斋词笺》一卷，钱继章《雪堂词笺》一卷，吴熙《非水居词笺》三卷，曹尔堪《未有居词笺》五卷，这四家词别集皆为明崇祯八年、九年之间吴熙刊本，今国家图书馆有藏本。参照“柳洲八子”或“云间三子”的说法，正不妨称此四家为“柳洲四子”。而这四家词集的同时付刻，既标志着前期柳洲词派的形成，亦在客观上彰显了柳洲词派的创作实绩。本文对前期柳洲词派形成时间与“柳洲四子”入清之前的词作情况，作了较为系统的考证与论述，从而对柳洲词派形成于明季、复兴于清初的渊源过程，有了更为准确的把握与认知。