中国日语学习者名词修饰句中动词定语的习得研究

摘要

The morphemes“Ru”and“Ta”in Japanese noun-modifying clauses have various grammatical meanings such as non-time, tense and aspect meanings. According to a comparative study of the learners’corpus and native corpus, it is found that the uses of“Ru”and“Ta”are roughly the same, but there is a difference in the use of the“adjective Ta". An analysis is made based on learners’acquisition process. The result reveals that the acquisition processes of“Ru”and“Ta”are asymmetric. The non-time meaning of“Ru”is easy to acquire, but“Ta”is difficult. The reason is related to the grammatical rule in a simple sentence. It is easier for learners to master a meaning which is consistent with simple sentences than one which is different from simple sentences.%日语名词修饰句中动词定语的「ル」形和「タ」形可以表示“时（テンス）”、“体（アスペクト）”及“非时态”等多种语法意义。本文通过对学习者和本族语语料库的对比，发现这些意义在中介语和目的语的使用分布情况基本相同，但“形容词性”的「タ」形还存在着分歧。对学习者的习得过程进行分析后发现「ル」形和「タ」形的习得过程并没有呈现对称性「，ル」形的“非时态”意义较易习得，而「タ」形的“非时态”意义却较难习得。究其原因，这一现象和句末语法规则的适用关系有关。学习者能较早掌握与句末语法规则一致的意义，而与句末语法规则不同的意义则较难习得。