论温室气体排放配额的初始分配

摘要

There are two allocation methods： free and priced. There are two free allocation methods： grandfathering allocation and benchmarking allocation. There are two priced allocation methods： government pricing and auction. Nowa- days, most practical allocations are free allocations. The allocation of GHGs emis- sion allowances should be of efficiency, equality and environmental effectiveness. The allocation of emission allowances should be priced in the future.%温室气体排放配额初始分配的方式有无偿分配和有偿分配两类。无偿分配按照分配方法又分为基于祖父法则的分配和基于基准法则的分配。有偿分配主要有政府定价和拍卖两种。在当前各国的立法实践中，温室气体排放配额分配主要采取无偿分配方式。温室气体排放配额分配应当坚持效率原则、公平原则和环境效益原则，未来排放配额的分配应当采取有偿方式。