抗帕金森病药物及其作用靶点研究进展

摘要

Parkinson′s disease(PD),the second neurodegenerative disease in the world,is characterized by a combination of motor symptoms(rest tremor,bradykinesia,rigidity,postural instability,stooped posture and freezing of gait)and non-motor symp⁃toms(including psychiatric and cognitive disorders). The core neuropathological features of PD are the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the deposition of iron and cytoplasmic protein aggregates(Lewy bodies)inside neurons. Currently,clinical treatment for PD is symptomatic and there is no effective treatment to restore neuronal degeneration. In the PD therapy ,medication re⁃mains dominant. Anti-PD drugs are mainly based on the critical signal pathways or some specific targets which play a key role in the pathogenesis of PD to relieve the symptoms of PD. Research and development in novel drugs to prevent or treat PD have been a crucial subject,and some novel candidates are under development. In this paper,we summarize and analyze the anti-PD drugs,and make a brief discussion about its pharmacological targets.%帕金森病（PD）是一种以黑质纹状体通路神经退行性病变为主要特征的神经系统变性疾病，其临床特征主要表现为静止性震颤、肌肉强直、运动迟缓和姿势平衡障碍，是严重影响人类健康的第二大神经退行性疾病。目前，临床上对PD均采用对症治疗，尚无有效的治疗手段能够恢复变性神经元。在PD的治疗中以药物治疗为主，这些药物主要基于PD发病机制中关键的作用靶点或信号通路而研发，可缓解PD症状。对于防治PD药物的研发一直是医药领域的重要课题。本文对PD相关治疗药物的现状及抗PD药物靶点研究进展做一简要综述。