肿瘤标记物在卵巢癌诊断中的研究进展

摘要

Ovarian cancer is one of the most common and lethal gynecological malignancy,leading cause of cancer deaths among women. It has been the main tumor that threatens the life and the health of women. The early clinical symptoms of ovarian cancer conceal,70% of the patients attending is late,the 5-year survival rate was only 30%,and 5 year's survival rate of early ovarian cancer was 90%. Now it is urgent and necessary to search new tumor markers with high specificity and sensitivity that are useful for early diagnosis of ovarian cancer and for the improvement of survival rate. Carbohydrate antigen,human epididymis 4(HE4),NECTIN4,lysophosphatidic acid(LPA),trkA and microRNA play a role in ovarian cancer diagnosis,of which CA125 is most widely used in clinical diagnosis. Micro RNAs as new tumor markers can improve the diagnosis methods of ovarian cancer.%卵巢癌是女性生殖器官常见的三大恶性肿瘤之一,病死率居妇科恶性肿瘤首位,已成为严重威胁妇女生命和健康的主要肿瘤.卵巢癌早期临床症状隐匿,70％的患者就诊时已是晚期,晚期卵巢癌患者5年生存率仅30％,而早期卵巢癌患者5年生存率则达90％.目前急需寻找特异度和敏感度高的肿瘤标记物用于卵巢癌的早期诊断,进一步提高生存率.糖链抗原,人附睾蛋白4(HE4),NECTIN4,溶血磷脂酸(LPA),酪氨酸激酶受体(trkA)和微小RNA(miRNA)在卵巢癌诊断中发挥了一定的作用,其中糖链抗原CA125临床应用最广.miRNA作为一种新的肿瘤标记物可以改善卵巢癌的诊断方法.