子宫是孕育胚胎、胎儿和产生月经的器官.同时,子宫也是容易发生恶性肿瘤的器官.从子宫颈到子宫体,子宫内膜到子宫肌层,各部位均可发生恶性肿瘤.宫颈癌是最常见的妇科恶性肿瘤,高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)的持续性感染是引起宫颈癌前病变和宫颈癌的主要原因.宫颈癌的主要病理类型为鳞状细胞癌和腺癌,确诊依赖于宫颈病灶的活体组织病理检查,对病变程度的判断采用国际妇产科联盟(FIGO)的临床分期.宫颈癌的治疗早期以手术为主,中、晚期以放疗为主,辅以化疗的综合治疗.近年来靶向治疗为局部晚期、复发性、转移性宫颈癌提供了新的治疗途径.HPV疫苗也已开始应用于宫颈癌的预防.%The uterus is an organ which nurtures the embryo,fetus and produces menstruation. At the same time.it is also an organ which is likely to suffer from malignant tumor. Each part of the uterus including cervix,corpus uteri,endometrium,myometrium is prone to malignant tumor. Cervical cancer is the most common gynecological malignancies. Persistent infection of high risk papillomavirus is the main reason of precancerous and cervical cancer. The main pathological type was squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Definite diagnosis can depend on cervix biopsy and histopathology. We can judge the severity from the FICO clinical staging. The treatment of early stage cervical cancer is surgery,while in treatment of the middle and advanced stage cervical cancer,radiaotherapy is the core and chemotherapy is the complement. Nowadays targeted therapy provides a new approach to local advanced,recurrent and metastasis cervical cancer. HPV vaccine has been used to prevent the cervical cancer now.
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