王闿运获'名满天下、谤满天下'的矛盾评价探微

摘要

The"famous and infamous"evaluation of Wang Kaiyun is caused by his eccentrically ambi-tious and noble personality,and it is mainly reflected in the mixed reputation of the study of Xiangj un Zhi in the historiographical field,the mixed assessment of his study of Chinese Classicism,the mixed comment of his experience as the high official's house adviser,and the largely criticized service for the National Mu-seum of History when hired as the curator.His"famous and infamous"evaluation comes from the differ-ent standpoints of critics,the contradictory viewpoints,the harmful hangover from the critics outside the historiographical system and the hazard incurred by his rebellious character.Such kind of fame brought a-bout great negative effects to Wang Kaiyun,which ruined his official career,nurtured a few way-out dis-ciples,and has impeded the study of his academic thought by contemporaries and later generations.%王闿运以其独立特行的狂狷个性招致"名满天下、谤满天下"的矛盾评价.王闿运获"名满天下、谤满天下"矛盾评价的载体:史学研究领域亦毁亦誉的《湘军志》,褒贬相杂的经学研究,扬抑相随的文学创作,毁誉相参的幕宾生涯,誉不及毁的国史馆长任职参.王闿运获"名满天下、谤满天下"矛盾评价的主要原因为:评价者立场、观点的矛盾,体制外批判者的遗害,桀骜不驯个性的危祸."名满天下、谤满天下"的矛盾评价给王闿运造成的负面影响:葬送了他的仕途,熏陶了少数"另类"弟子,妨碍时人、后学对他的学术思想研究.