Taking the 9 column frame structure building as an example,the establishment of calculation model of equivalent circuit, the lightning transient simulation potential distribution of building bottom was calculated by using the electromagnetic transient simulation software EMTP,analyzing of the lead line length, soil resistivity,the location of lightning point,the number of floors of the building,the relationship between the factors of lightning current waveform analysis and lightning transient potential distribution to the building bottom. The main conclusions are obtained as:the distribution of the lightning transient potential to the building bottom will gradually be uniform with the increases of the down lead length and the numbers of the floor. When the 9 column of multistory building model increasing with the down line length,the end of transient potential to the building bottom will faster than it under the 9 column single storey building model. For the 9 single column of 10 m × 10 m × 3 m building models,the distribution of the lightning transient potential to the building bottom will gradually be uniform with the increase of the soil resistivity;when lightning stoke point located the middle position,the distribution of lightning transient simulation potential at the building bottom is uniform but corner and edge; the shorter of the head wave of lightning current, the more uniform of the transient simulation potential to the building bottom,the transient simulation potential the bottom of lightning point will rise with reducing the minutes of the wave head.%建立9柱框架结构建筑物的等效电路模型，利用电磁暂态仿真软件EMTP对雷击建筑物底层暂态电位分布进行模拟仿真计算，分析引下线长度、土壤电阻率、雷击点位置、建筑物楼层数、雷电流波形等因素与雷击建筑物底层暂态电位分布的关系，得到的主要结论为：雷击建筑物底层暂态电位的分布随引下线长度和楼层数的增加逐步趋于均匀；9柱多层建筑物模型随引下线长度的增加，底部暂态电位趋于均匀的速度比9柱单层建筑物模型快；9柱单层10 m ×10 m ×3m建筑物模型的底部暂态电位的分布随土壤电阻率的增加逐步趋于均匀；雷击中间位置的底部暂态电位分布较均匀，雷击屋角和屋边缘位置的底部暂态电位分布不均匀；雷电流波的波头时间越短，底部暂态电位的分布就越不均匀，雷击点处的底部暂态电位随波头时间减小而上升。
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