水电站坝址渗流微观动态研究综述

摘要

Some progresses in the research of micro⁃regimes of seepage around the dam site of hydropower stations under operational conditions are reviewed, with a focus on the groundwater quality, the formation and evolution of seepage precipitates as well as the factors influencing them, and geochemical simulation of water⁃rock interaction. On the basis of discussion of related problems, four topics are presented for further research, including the chemical damage caused by abnormal variation of groundwater quality, geochemical behaviors of some trace elements from seepage precipitates and their denotative meanings, multi⁃scale models for multicomponent reaction⁃transport between liquid and solid phases and their application in consideration of chemical reaction⁃induced variation in mesostructures, and the uncertainty and methodology involved in geochemical simulation of water⁃rock interaction.%从水电站坝址地下水水质与渗水析出物的形成、演变及其影响因素，以及水岩相互作用地球化学模拟等方面对运行工况下水电站坝址渗流微观动态的研究进展进行综述，并对其中存在的问题进行探讨。指出需要进一步研究的方向包括：水质异常变化所具有的化学损伤效应；渗水析出物中微量元素的地球化学特性及其指示意义；考虑细观结构改变的液固相间多组分反应运移多尺度模型及其应用；水岩（还包括工程材料）间相互作用地球化学模拟不确定性及其方法论。