蛀蚀性害虫生长繁殖对小麦挥发性成分的影响

摘要

探讨小麦被蛀食性害虫侵害过程中其挥发性物质的变化,为建立害虫预警机制寻找一种新的途径.以一般虫粮要求密度10头/kg的3种主要蛀食性害虫侵害小麦为研究对象,每30 d取样测定小麦挥发性成分.结果表明:米象侵害小麦后共检测出64种挥发性物质,玉米象侵害小麦后共检测出77种挥发性物质,谷蠹侵害小麦后共检测出69种挥发性物质,对照样和感染米象、玉米象和谷蠹的小麦样品中的挥发性成分主要为烃类、醇类、醛类、酮类和酯类等其他物质,随着侵害时间的延长,其中烷烃类物质含量先下降后上升,烯烃类和酮类物质含量整体呈上升趋势,醛类物质含量波动下降,醇类和酯类变化相对不明显.感染3种蛀食性害虫的小麦挥发性成分中的十六烷、十九烷、壬醛、椰子醛和邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯均呈现出明显下降趋势,感染米象和玉米象的小麦挥发性成分中的红没药烯和雪松烯的含量呈上升趋势,在感染后期较为明显,感染玉米象的小麦挥发性成分中的十二烷和十三烷含量在第60天时明显上升.这些物质的含量随着小麦储藏稳定性呈现较明显变化,可以考虑参考它们的数值来预测小麦品质变化.%To find a new way to establish the early warning mechanism of pests, the changes of volatile substances in the process of wheat infestation by pests were investigated in this study. In order to investigate the effects of three main pests on wheat, requiring a density of 10/kg, the wheat volatile components were detected every 30 days. The results showed that 64 kinds of volatile substances were detected after the wheat was attacked by Sitophilus oryzae Linne (rice weevil), 77 species of volatile substances were detected after the wheat was attacked by Sitophilus meamais Motschulsky maize weevil, and 69 species of volatile substances were detected after the wheat was attacked by Rhyzopertha dominica. The volatile components of the wheat samples infected with rice weevil, corn weevil and Rhyzopertha dominica were mainly hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones and esters. With the extension of time, the content of alkanes decreased first and then increased, the content of olefin and ketones increased, the content of aldehydes decreased and the changes of alcohols and esters were not obvious. Olefin and ketone contents showed an overall upward trend, aldehydes content fluctuations decreased, alcohols and esters were relatively insignificant. Sixteen alkanes, nineteen alkanes, nonaldehyde, coconut aldehyde and two iso butyl ester in the volatile components of wheat infected with 3 kinds of moth eating pests decreased obviously. The content of red myrrh and cedenenene in the volatile components of rice and corn elephants showed an upward trend in the volatile components of wheat, and this trend was more obvious in the late stage of infection. The contents of twelve and thirteen alkanes in the volatile components of corn were significantly increased at 60 d.The content of these substances showed a marked change with the storage stability of wheat and these indicators could contributed to predict the quality change of the wheat during storage.