尽管阿多诺批判了启蒙，但并不是对历史抱悲观主义的态度。当人们通过交换真正购买到的是物品的使用价值而非交换价值的时候，一个理性的社会就会产生。进步就是人类自身对自然控制的结束，就是人类社会每一阶段对这种控制的抵制。阿多诺认为，历史没有一个统一的主体，历史的基础是个体之间的联系，但历史的进步需要一个全球性主体的出现和人性的确立。历史的进步就是体现在每一微观层面上个体主体、全球性主体与客观世界间的星丛，就是人与人、人与自然、个人与社会间的和解。%Although Adorno criticizes the Enlightenment, he is not pesslmlsuc about the history When people get the use value instead of exchange value through the behavior of exchange, a reasonable society would come into being. Progress is the end of controlling the nature and the resistance to this control in every social process. As Adorno states, history has no identical subject and the foundation of history is the relations between individuals. However, the progress of history needs the establishment of a global subject and humanity. History is not the evolution of homogeneity, what the progress of history means is the constellation between the individual subject, global subject and the objective world, that is, the reconciliation among individuals, between human and nature, between individual and society.
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