2BF-5型玉米-大豆带状间作精量播种机设计与试验

摘要

Based on the advantages of whole machine drive and simulated seeding monomer,a new type of 2BF - 5 maize-soybean strip intercropping precision seeder was designed to solve the problems of not working well and low comprehensive benefits of traditional maize-soybean intercropping seeder. Meanwhile,the spacing qualified coefficient,leak index,repeat sowing index,emergence rate and yield were selected as the evaluation indicators for single factor randomized block design to test the working performance of the seeder and to study the effect of mechanical seeding on crop emergence quality under three different farming methods,stubble with no-tillage,cleaning stubble with no-tillage and cleaning stubble with rotary tillage. The results showed that the spacing qualified coefficient fluctuated within the range from 75. 8 to 83. 57％ under different conditions,while the leak index and spacing variable coefficient fluctuated within the ranges from 7. 8％ to 9. 17％ and 11. 4％ to 15. 4％,respectively. And all the performances comply with relevant standards and actual production requirements. Analysis of emergence rate and yield indicates that the treatment of CSNT got the highest yield compared with the other two experimental groups.%为解决玉米-大豆带状间作复合种植模式机械化播种机具作业性能不良、综合效益低的现状,结合整机驱动和仿形播种单体的优点,设计了2BF - 5型玉米-大豆带状间作精量播种机.同时,为验证2BF - 5型玉米-大豆带状间作精量播种机的工作性能并研究留茬免耕、灭茬免耕、灭茬旋耕3种不同耕作方式下机械播种对作物出苗质量的影响,选择播种粒距合格率、重播指数、漏播指数、出苗率、有效株数和产量作为主要考察指标进行单因素随机区组设计.试验结果表明,不同粒距下2BF - 5型玉米-大豆带状间作播种机的播种粒距合格率为75. 8％ ～ 83. 57％,漏播指数为7. 8％ ～ 9. 17％,粒距变异系数为11. 4％ ～ 15. 4％,各项性能指标符合相关标准和实际生产要求.经过对出苗率和产量的分析表明,在灭茬免耕处理下该播种机播种作业的产量最高.