有机肥类型及其施肥配比对稻田培肥效应和经济效益的影响

摘要

采用3种有机肥和2种施肥配比,研究了有机肥类型和施肥配比对水稻产量、土壤的培肥效应和经济效益的影响.结果表明,施用相同有机肥,6:4施肥配比的水稻产量高于6:3:1;相同施肥配比,施用菜子饼肥的水稻产量均显著高于沼液、商品有机肥和CK.2种施肥配比条件下,菜子饼肥处理抽穗开花期及抽穗开花期至成熟期干物质积累量均高于沼液、商品有机肥和CK.6:4施肥配比条件下,成熟期水稻谷草和子粒含氮量在沼液和商品有机肥处理下均高于6:3:1.6:4施肥配比条件下,氮收获指数、氮素转移率、氮素生理利用率和氮素农学利用率均高于6:3:1,且此条件下成熟期土壤有机质含量高于6:3:1,有利于培肥地力.虽然6:4施肥配比条件下菜子饼肥产量最高,但由于菜子饼肥的成本较高,故沼液经济效益最高.因此,本试验条件下,在绿色稻米生产中施肥种类选取沼液更有利于经济效益的提高和培肥地力,有机肥的施用配比以6:4施肥为最佳.%To study the effect of organic manure type and fertilization on rice yield, soil fertility and economic benefit,three types of organic fertilizer and two fertilization methods were performed in field conditions. The results showed that:under the same organic fertilizer conditions,the yield of 6:4 ferti-lizer management was higher than that of 6:3:1,while the yield of RCF was higher than that of BSF, OF, and CK in the two fertilizer managements. Under the condition of two fertilizer managements,the dry matter accumulation of RCF at the heading stage and heading to the mature stage was higher than that of BSF,OF and CK. Under the condition of 6:4 fertilizer management, the rice straw and grain nitrogen content in BSF and OF were higher than that of 6:3:1 in the mature stage. The nitrogen har-vest index,nitrogen transfer rate,nitrogen physiological utilization efficiency, and nitrogen agronomic efficiency were higher in 6:4 fertilizer management as well. Moreover,soil organic matter content was higher in 6:4 fertilizer management in the mature stage,which may contribute to the increasing of the soil fertility. Although the highest yield was present in RCF under 6:4 fertilizer management, howev-er,the net income of BSF was higher resulted from the higher input of fertilizer and fertilization under the condition of RCF and OF. All these evidences indicated that BSF under 6:4 fertilizer management was the best way to get higher economic benefits and to enhance the soil fertility in organic rice produc-tion practice.