大白菜主要表型性状的配合力评价及遗传力分析

摘要

为了研究大白菜主要表型性状的遗传规律,为大白菜育种提供理论依据,以8个不同来源的大白菜纯合自交不亲和系为亲本材料,按完全双列杂交Ⅱ设计自交8个亲本和配制28个杂交组合,对株高、株幅、最大叶片长、最大叶片宽、叶柄宽、叶片总数、球形指数、单球毛质量、单球净质量、中心柱长和软叶率11个主要表型性状进行了基因型方差分析、配合力评价及遗传力分析.结果表明:8个大白菜骨干自交系除了球形指数的特殊配合力达到显著水平外,其余的表型性状的一般配合力和特殊配合力均达到极显著水平;亲本P1(1305)、P2(陕5555)、P3(J白花)、P4(Q叠)的株幅、株高、最大叶片长、最大叶片宽、叶柄宽、软叶率的一般配合力均表现出明显的正向效应,是选育丰产性品种的优良亲本;亲本P6(C皇)、P7(H娃)的株幅、株高、最大叶片长、中心柱长、叶柄宽均表现为较明显的负向效应,而球形指数、叶片总数则表现为较大的正向效应,是选育早熟、小高桩型、叶片多、耐抽薹品种的优良亲本.杂交组合P1×P8(1305×G丽)、P4×P6(Q叠×C皇)、P4×P7(Q叠×H娃)属于综合性状优良的组合,无论在株型、叶片还是丰产上都表现出较高水平.可利用P1(1305)和P4(Q叠)改良株高、株幅、单球产量;可利用P7(H娃)增加叶片总数,降低中心柱长;可利用P8(G丽)改良球形,降低中心柱长.%In order to further explore the inheritance of the main phenotypic traits and provide theoretical basis for select elite parents and excellent combinations in Chinese cabbage breeding.8 pure inbred lines with differential gene were taken as parents, and the progeny of 8 pure inbred lines and 28 crossing combinations were obtained according to genetic design.11 characters including plant height, plant width, the maximum length of leaf, the maximum width of leaf, petiole width, the total number of inner leaf, the leaf head index, the gross weight of single leaf head, the net weight of single leaf head, the rate of net leaf head, the core length and the rate of net leaf were detailedly investigated in parents and F1generation.And then, genotype variance analysis, combining ability evaluation and genetic analysis were carried out.The results showed that, the difference of the general combining ability(GCA) and specific combining ability(SCA) in all the phenotypic traits was at 1％significant level, except for the leaf head index at 5％significant level.Plant width, plant height, the maximum length of outer leaf, the maximum width of outer leaf, petiole width and the rate of net leaf, obviously showed the positive GCA effect in the parents P1(1305), P2(Shan 5555), P3(J Baihua) and P4(Q Die), which were ideal parents for improving the yields.However, plant width, plant height, the maximum length of outer leaf, the core length and petiole width showed the negitive GCA effect and the total number of inner leaf, the leaf head index showed the positive GCA effect in the parents P6(C Huang) and P7(H Wa), which were used as the key parents for selecting combination with traits including early maturity, small plant height, many leaves and bolting re-■Wa) could be regarded as the excellent combinations with ideal agronomic characters such as plant type, inner leaves and net weight of single head.Above all, the parents P1(1305) and P4(Q Die) could be used to adjust the plant height and the plant width, and improve the net weight of single leaf head.The parent P7(H Wa) could be served to increase the total number of inner leaves and decrease the core length.While the parent P8(G Li) could be taken alter the leaf head index and decrease the core length.