By comprehensive analysis of the data of region trials on 87 cotton varities authorized by Henan province from 1978 to 2007(the latest three decades) , the paper researches on effectiveness about helminthosporium turcicum,verticillium wilt and agronomic traits for cotton. It shows that,slow progress toward improvement of cultivars resistant to verticillium wilt, but effectiveness on helminthosporium turcicum is good in latest three decades. Verticillium wilt and Helminthosporium turcicum still harm production of cotton,they increased as 0. 967 9 and 0. 248 0 as per year respectively. The effectiveness of agronomic traits is significant, increasing potential of cotton single plant production is improved greatly, the increasment of cotton bolls per plant (0. 383 1), boll weight (0. 045 5 g) and fruit branch quantity (0. 071 9) etc. Traits, which closely related to productivity reached highly significant level. The influence of traits on lint cotton yield as below: cotton bolls per plant ＞ fruit branch quantity ＞ proportion of mature bolls before frost ＞ ginning outturn ＞ plant height ＞ boll weight.%以1978-2007年河南省审定的87个棉花品种的区域试验资料为材料,研究了河南省棉花品种在抗枯萎病、黄萎病和农艺性状方面遗传改良的成效.结果表明,棉花抗枯萎病改良成效相对较好,抗黄萎病改良进展缓慢,枯萎病、黄萎病病指分别以每年0.2480和0.9679的速度增加,分别达显著、极显著水平,这2种病害对棉花生产危害依然严重;农艺性状遗传改良成效显著,棉花个体增产潜力明显提高,株铃数、铃质量和果枝数等与丰产性密切相关的指标分别为0.3831个、0.0455 g、0.0719台.年均增加量达极显著水平,各性状对皮棉产量的影响力顺序为:株铃数>果枝数>霜前花率>衣分>株高>铃质量.
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