不同品种、施氮量、种植密度对烤烟农艺性状、经济性状和化学品质的影响

摘要

Using orthogonal experimental design for the field experiment ,the effects of different varieties ,nitrogen rate and planting density on grow th ,economic characters and chemical quality of flue-cured tobacco were studied in the west of Henan region to find the suitable cultivars and optimum nitrogen rate and planting density .The results showed that on the 35th day after trans-planting ,the plant height of Zhongyan 100 was highest among the 3 varieties and the plant height ,stem girth ,leaf number and leaf area had no significant difference among different planting density .On the 60th day after transplanting ,the leaf area was increased with the increase of nitro-gen rate .The research indicated the influence of experimental factors on tobacco yield was ranked as follows :variety > nitrogen rate > planting density .Under this experiment condition ,the cultivation technique for the highest yield was A3 B3 C3 (variety :Yuyan 6 ,planting density :18 000 plants/ha ,nitrogen rate :90 .0 kg/ha) .The order of experimental factors influencing on tobacco output was variety>planting density>nitrogen rate and the cultivation technique for the highest tobacco out-put was A1B2C2 (variety :Qinyan 96 ,planting density :16 500 plants/ha ,nitrogen rate :67 .5 kg/ha) .The corresponding output value ,average price and high grade leaf proportion were 62 770.5 yuan/ha ,19 .21 yuan/kg and 58 .6% ,respectively .Compared with the other factors ,total sugar and reducing sugar were affected mostly by variety .And with the increase of nitrogen rate , the total nitrogen increased .Comprehensive comparisons suggested that the variety of Qinyan 96 , planting density at 16 500 plants/ha and the application level of nitrogen rate at 67 .5 kg/ha were suitable in tobacco-growing region of western Henan .%为探讨适宜豫西烟区的烤烟主栽品种以及烤烟最佳的种植密度和施氮量，采用正交试验设计，通过田间小区试验，研究了不同品种、施氮量和种植密度对烤烟农艺性状、经济性状和化学品质的影响。结果表明：在移栽后35 d ，以中烟100品种株高最高，不同密度水平烤烟株高、茎围、叶片数和叶面积差异不显著；在移栽后60 d ，烤烟叶面积随施氮量的增加呈增加趋势。试验因素对产量的影响排序为品种＞施氮量＞密度，获得最高产量的组合为 A3 B3 C3（即品种为豫烟6号，密度18000株/hm2，施氮量90.0 kg/hm2）；对产值的影响排序为品种＞密度＞施氮量，获得最高产值的组合为A1 B2 C2（即品种为秦烟96，密度16500株/hm2，施氮量67.5 kg/hm2），其产值、均价和上等烟比例分别为62770.5元/hm2、19.21元/kg和58.6％。烤烟品种对总糖和还原糖影响最大，施氮量增加使烟叶总氮含量增加。综合分析，在豫西烟区，选择秦烟96、种植密度16500株/hm2、氮肥施用量67.5 kg/hm2较为适宜，可进行推广应用。