基于标杆测量法的超声波测距系统的设计与实现

摘要

在回顾超声波测距原理的基础上，分析推导了测距误差的主要构成，并针对产生误差的主要因素———声速误差，设计实现了基于标杆测量法的超声波测距系统。系统硬件由单片机控制模块、标杆通道、实测通道、LCD显示模块等部分组成。采取标杆通道测量环境声速、实测通道正常测距的方式减小声速误差。系统中利用超声波传感器检测物体，运用电子计数法测量超声波检测物体的时间差，进而计算并显示出待测距离。系统结构简单、成本低廉、测量精度高，实验数据表明系统能很好地校正声速误差。%The paper introduces the principle of ultrasonic distance measurement, deducing the main compo-nents of ranging error.In view of the main factors causing the error, the ultrasonic ranging system based on the benchmarking method is designed.The hardware of the system consists of single-chip microcomputer control mod-ule, benchmark channel, measurement channel and LCD display module.The system reduces the sound speed er-ror by measuring the speed of sound in the environment of benchmark channel and the distance in the channel .The system detects objects by using the ultrasonic sensor, measures the time difference by using electronic counting method, and then calculates and displays the distance.The system has the advantages of simple structure, low cost and high measuring precision.The experimental data shows that the system corrects the sound speed error well.