龙卷风形成替代实验的力学分析

摘要

龙卷风是雷雨云底部高速旋转的空气涡旋,其破坏威力远超常规风,是一种杀伤性很强的自然风灾,其产生的机理及其强大的破坏力蕴含着多种力学原理.文章根据龙卷风产生的机理及其运动变化规律,通过运用水、矿泉水瓶制成简易实验装置来进行替代模拟实验,并运用多个力学原理逐一加以解释说明,同时指出替代实验与真实龙卷风的异同之处.%Tornado is a kind of atmosphere swirl which spins at very high speed at the bottom of thundercloud, of which the destructive power is far greater than conventional wind.It is a kind of natural disaster with very strong lethality.The mechanism of production and powerful destruction of tornado contain a variety of mechanic principles.According to the mechanism of production and movement rules of tornado, this paper conducts substitutive experiments by using water and water bottles to make a simple experimental installation, and explains these experiments one by one by adopting multiple mechanic principles.Meanwhile, it points out that the differences and sameness between the substitutive experiments and real tornado.