模压变形工艺及其研究进展

摘要

为了系统地研究模压变形工艺在制备大体积超细晶金属板材方面的应用,在介绍模压变形工艺基本原理、塑性力学解析及分类的基础上,阐述了变形道次、变形温度和模具结构等工艺因素对模压变形的影响规律和机理,归纳了变形材料的热稳定性、工艺改进及变形路径、变形均匀性分析及工艺优化等关键问题,对模压变形工艺在室温难变形金属板材中的应用、变形板材的塑韧性和成形性能改善以及工艺的塑性变形机理等方面的研究趋势进行了展望:未来模压变形工艺将着眼于镁合金、钛合金等塑性加工能力差但又极具工业应用潜力的金属板材,注重变形板材使用性能的调控机理与方法的研究,寻求防止裂纹产生的有效工艺措施,同时系统深入地揭示模压变形材料组织结构和性能的演变机理,为揭示模压变形材料组织结构和性能的演变机理提供了参考.%In order to systematically study the application of groove pressing in preparing bulk mass ultra-fine grain sheet metal, the fundamental principles, plastic mechanics analysis and classification of groove pressing are introduced, and on the basis of which, the influence rules and mechanism of processing factors such as pass number, deformation temperature and die structure on groove pressing are reviewed, and some key problems such as thermal stability of processed materials, process improvements and deformation path, deformation homogeneity analysis and process optimization are summarized.The research trends of groove pressing in the fields of application to sheet metals difficult to deform at room temperature, improvement of ductility, toughness and formability of processed sheets as well as its plastic deformation mechanism are prospected: in the future, groove pressing will be used for sheet metals which have limited formability but wide industrial applications such as magnesium alloys and titanium alloys, and much attention should be paid to investigation on performance adjustment mechanism and methods for processed sheets and exploration of effective technological measures for preventing cracks;meanwhile, the evolution mechanism of microstructure and properties of groove pressed materials must be systematically and thoroughly revealed.