为研究裂隙黏土中的溶质运移,研制一套适用于裂隙黏土中溶质运移的实验装置,通过测定实验装置内示踪剂溶液的电导率来监测溶质的运移规律.实验结果发现模型底部监测孔处的渗出液浓度在短时间内就趋于稳定达到最大,表明黏土中裂隙的存在会使溶质顺着裂隙快速穿过黏土层,形成优先流现象,从而对黏土层下部的水体造成污染.采用数值方法对室内试验进行模拟分析,讨论了提高水头和改变岩土体两种方法来进行预测,结果显示黏土层上部水头变化对黏土中的溶质浓度影响不大,且不同土体中如均出现贯穿型裂隙,那么污染物进入含水层的时间基本一致,防渗失效,这时改变防渗材料没有意义.%In order to study the solute transport in fissured clay, experimental apparatus for solute transport in fissured clay are developed based on previous saturated seepage experiments. The solute transport is monitored by measuring the conductivity of the tracer solution in the experimental setup law. The results show that the concentration of exudate in the bottom of the model tends to be stable in a short time, which indicates that the existence of cracks in the clay will cause the solute to pass through the clay layer rapidly and form preferential flow phenomena. The upper head of the clay layer has little effect on the solute concentration in the clay, and the effect of the water head is similar in the different soils.
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