Market mechanism is an institution, which make the best of the both sides' signal of supply and demand and weaken the intervention level of government to nature gas. Wide-open means that not only upstream supply market achieve multiple gas sources competing, midstream pipeline also admit third party, downstream big industri-al consumer and dealer can buy gas directly from upstream. The current natural gas market is upstream and down-stream integration, which go against forming market competing and price mechanism reflected supply and demand massage. This text puts forward a bilateral open of Nature Gas Market Mechanism Design, and a mathematical mod-el to analysis the optimizing action of five interest subject, then solve for the equilibrium. According to the result by solving the model, a bilateral open of Nature Gas Market realizes the whole society's Pareto Optimality, the price of nature gas can reflect the massage between supply and demand truly.%市场机制是充分利用市场上供需双方的信号来调节市场主体的行为，弱化政府对天然气的干预程度的制度，完全开放是指不仅上游供气市场实现多气源竞争，中游管道也从上游一体化垄断企业剥离出来成立独立的管网公司，管网公司只收取管输费用，下游大工业用户和零售商可以直接从上游购气，可以自主选择向哪家供气商买进天然气。中国现行的天然气市场上下游一体化，不利于市场竞争和反映市场供需情况的价格机制的形成。论文提出完全开放的天然气市场机制设计，并建立数学模型分析市场中天然气主要供气商和大用户的优化行为，解出市场均衡数量解。根据模型解出的结果，发现完全开放的天然气市场能够实现全社会的帕累托最优，而天然气价格则准确反映了供需信号。
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