美国ASCE施工设计荷载规范的理念与启示

摘要

To design and analyze the incomplete structure during construction and ensure construction safety, it is necessary to clarify all kinds of external actions (loads) and their effects during construction. This paper presented the load types, design values of the loads and load combinations in the Design Loads on Structures During Construction in the construction stage, and emphatically focused on the determining procedure of construction loads and load factor, the combination method of construction load and dead load, live load, environmental load and lateral earth pressure, then compared them with Chinese current standards. It is proposed to compile the codes for construction loads in China systematically using the concept of ASCE construction specification, investigating the uncertainty of load in the construction stage, and introducing the proposed values of construction load and load factors.%为对施工阶段的未完整结构进行设计和分析，保证施工安全，应明确施工过程中结构可能受到的各类外部作用（荷载）及其效应。通过介绍美国ASCE施工设计荷载规范在施工阶段的荷载种类、设计值及荷载组合等内容，着重分析了其施工荷载及荷载系数的取用方法，施工荷载与恒载、活载、环境荷载及侧向土压力组合方法等，对比分析了中国现行标准的相关内容。建议应吸收ASCE施工规范理念，充分考察施工阶段荷载的不确定性，引入施工荷载取值、荷载分项系数建议值，编制自成体系的中国施工荷载标准。