为研究严寒地区滨江居住小区冬季热环境特点,通过对哈尔滨市滨江居住小区和内陆居住小区在冬季典型气象日的空气温度、黑球温度以及风速进行现场实测,定量分析了滨江居住小区与内陆居住小区热环境差异,及滨江居住小区建筑布局对其热环境的影响,并根据风冷温度对人体热感觉进行评价.结果表明:滨江居住小区冬季热环境与内陆居住小区相比较差,且不同建筑布局间存在较大差异;滨江居住小区比内陆居住小区平均空气温度低2.45℃,平均黑球温度低3.66℃,平均风速大0.48 m/s,平均风冷温度低5.59℃;对滨江居住小区不同区域热环境进行对比,发现冬季太阳辐射对温度提升作用最为显著,其次为建筑布局围合程度,居住小区行列式布局内部寒冷程度较高,广场和临江入口处次之,围合式布局和半围合式布局内部较低,并且增大行列式布局建筑间距能够有效降低布局内部寒冷程度,提高热舒适度.%To study the thermal environment characteristic of the riverside residential areas in severe cold region in winter, field measurements on air temperature and black-bulb temperature have been carried out in riverside residential area and inland residential area of Harbin on typical weather day, then quantitative methods are used to analyze the thermal environment differences in winter between riverside residential area and inland residential area, and the impact of building layout in residential area on thermal environment. Furthermore, human thermal sensation is evaluated according to the wind chill temperature. The results indicate that the thermal environment of riverside residential area is worse than that of inland residential area, and there are significant differences in thermal environment among varied building layout patterns. The mean air temperature of riverside residential area is 2.45 ℃lower than that of inland residential area, the average black-bulb temperature of riverside residential area is 3.66 ℃lower, the average wind velocity is 0.48 m/s bigger and the average wind chill temperature is 5.59℃ lower. The solar radiation has the maximum effect on raising riverside residential areas ' temperature in winter, the second is buildings' layout. Row layout pattern has the highest cold degree, followed by the square, and the riverside entrance, enclosing and semi-enclosing layout pattern has the lowest cold degree. Besides, increasing the building interval in the row layout can effectively reduce the cold degree and improve the thermal comfort degree.
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