Marx's"Preface to A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy"is a key work for realizing Historical Materialism.But the academic area misunderstood the work as a book based on the idea of"economic determination",and the document itself also has many problems.Based on a-bove,knowing how to explain preface correctly is very important for research and practice.Based on Marx's three state of social progress,this paper brings up a new concept"social axis transition",and this new definition can help us to re-realize the preface.and uses this definition to re-understand"Preface".Material production is necessary for all society,but only in a short period it belongs to social state of economy (or social economic state),or exists as the basement for economic relationship.So-cialism will end this special period.Scientific socialism thoughts should be used to analyze Historical Materialism and there should be three levels of Historical Materialism theory:how could production be possible,how could social production be possible,what is the society for good life.In this paper we also points out that modern Chinese development should unit economic development and the socialism goal together;chose the way of life society but not consumerism society;build up the motive power institute that consists of a proper relationship among government,market and society.%马克思的《<政治经济学批判>序言》在诠释历史唯物主义理论中具有标识性地位，但长期以来中外学界对该著作存在“经济决定论”等方面的误读，且文本自身也存在一些复杂情况，因此如何正确阐释《序言》具有重要的理论与现实意义。依据马克思“社会演进三形态说”提出“社会轴心转换”概念作为分析框架，解读《序言》可获得新的认识。物质生产在任何社会都是“人类存在的永恒的自然必然性”，但属于“经济的社会形态”(或社会经济形态)、经济关系构成社会基础的情况只是部分社会形态的属性，社会主义将为最终“终结”这种社会形态创造条件，实现历史的超越。历史唯物主义的社会建构应有精神至高点，内在地包含科学社会主义学说，据此提出历史唯物主义社会理论的结构应包含“生产为什么”、“社会生产何以可能”、“好生活的社会形式”相互关联的三个层次。在对《序言》的重释中还提出当代中国发展要把经济发展的基础性和社会主义目标的至上性内在地统一起来；超越“消费社会”社会生活模式，走“生活型社会”发展的路子；建立政府、市场和社会三者良性互动、共同创造人民幸福美好生活的“合三而一”的社会动力体制。
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