长春城市大气重金属污染的生态监测研究

摘要

开展植物生态监测是防治城市大气重金属污染的有效手段.从长白山区湿地采集3种苔藓植物材料,在长春市通过控制水位和养分条件,进行室外培养,比较研究不同水位和物种条件下苔藓植物生长状况及其Cu、Ni、Zn、Pb和Cd的富集情况.在3 cm水位条件下,实验植物的生长状况最佳,但其中锈色泥炭藓的生物量增长明显较低.3种苔藓植物均呈现良好的大气重金属富集效果,Cu、Ni、Zn、Pb和Cd富集量均值分别为26、12、180、19和1 μg/g.富集能力以泥炭藓最高,其次为中位泥炭藓,锈色泥炭藓最低.研究表明通过提供适当的培养条件,移植泥炭藓用于城市大气重金属污染监测是可行的.%Ecological monitoring with plants is one of the effective means to prevent and control heavy metal pollution in urban air.Plant materials of three bryophyte species were collected from a wetland in the Changbai Mountains,, and by outdoor cultivation under different conditions of water levels and nutrients, the effects of species and water level on bryophyte growth and the enrichment of atmospheric heavy metals including Cu, Ni, Zn, Pb and Cd in Changchun city are studied.The bryophytes grow the best under the conditions of 3 cm water level but Sphagnum fuscum shows obvious lower biomass growth.All the three bryophytes showed good capacity in atmospheric heavy metal enrichment and the average concentrations of Cu, Ni, Zn, Pb and Cd are 26, 12, 180, 19 and 1 μg/g, respectively.Sphagnum Palustre showed greatest enrich ability of heavy metal while it is the lowest in S.fuscum.The study shows that it is feasible to monitor atmospheric heavy metal pollution in cities by transplanting Sphagnum when suitable culture conditions are guaranteed.