电磁轨道炮熔化限制条件下速度极限分析

摘要

Electromagnetic launcher can accelerate a macroscopic proj ectile to the hyperveloci-ty.At present,the nonuniform current distribution and thus caused material locally melt,is one of the key techniques that restrict the development of the electromagnetic launcher.The theories of the Skin Effect and the Short Path Priority were analyzed.Based on these theories, the structure of the armature and rails were designed and improved in order to make the current distribution more uniform.Then the current density distribution of electromagnetic launcher model was simulated by use of Maxwell 14.0.With the help of comparing the simulation re-sults with the SAM value,an approximate current value was acquired under the condition of lo-cal melting restriction.This current value was the maximum value the armature can carry be-fore locally melting.According to this value and the theory of electromagnetic launcher,the theoretical velocity and acceleration distance of proj ectile under different load conditions were calculated.These results have reference significances for analyzing the launcher performance of railguns and its prospect of military application.%电磁轨道炮可以超高速发射宏观弹丸，目前制约轨道炮的关键技术之一是电流不均匀特性及其引起的最大电流密度欧姆加热至材料局部熔化。在分析了制约电流不均匀分布的趋肤效应和短路径聚集特性的基础上，设计了电流比较均匀的电枢和轨道结构，参考SAM值和仿真结果，获得了在局部熔化限制条件下最大承载电流的近似取值。根据该位形最大承载电流近似取值，参考电磁轨道炮物理学原理，分析了优化位形发射不同载荷情况下弹丸的理论速度分布及加速距离分布。上述结果对分析电磁轨道炮极限性能以及军事应用前景有重要参考意义。