世界自然遗产提名地施秉喀斯特地貌及其演化

摘要

施秉喀斯特是我国第二批申报＂中国南方喀斯特＂世界自然遗产提名地之一,当前对其地貌演化尚缺乏系统性研究。通过多次野外勘测与取样化验研究,并运用GIS软件综合分析各要素与地貌发育之间的关系,得出研究区内主要造貌岩石为寒武系纯白云岩;研究区内地貌从分水岭到河谷呈现由峰林谷地→峰丛谷地→峰丛浅洼到峰丛峡谷的有序回春式逆向演化中;河谷裂点带之上的高原面中,地面以常态面状侵蚀作用为主,发育峰林谷地与峰丛谷地,在干流与水量较大的支流,水流下切迅速,形成峰丛峡谷,靠近河谷的中间过渡地带,发育了峰丛浅洼;研究区内未形成以深、长、大洞为主的洞穴发育区,更未发育网状地下河系统。因此,施秉喀斯特研究区代表了典型的白云岩喀斯特青年期地貌演化的特征,是研究白云岩喀斯特的良好场所。%Researches on geomorphic evolution of the Shibing karst, one of nomination sites of China karst for the world natural heritage at the second stage, lacks systematically. Relationships between factors and geomorphic development are comprehensively analyzed with GIS software through the author＇ s on-the-spot field investigation for many times and tests of samples. Conclusions are drawn as following：major rocks building the geomorphology in the region are Cambrian dolomites;landforms develops orderly as a reverse evolution pattern of ＂peak forest valley-peak cluster valley-peak cluster shallow depression-peak cluster gorge＂ from watershed to valley;peak forest valley and peak cluster valley are developed in the plateau surface above the river nickpoint, dominantly with normal surface erosion, the Peak cluster valley is formed by flows＇ rapid cutting in the main stream and tributary areas and the peak cluster shallow depression are developed in the transition areas near valleys; There is no cave de- velopment area with deep, long and large caves, let alone underground network rivers. As a result, the study area is a typical representative of geomorphic is a good place for studying dolomite karst. evolution of dolomite karst at the young stage and it is a good place for studying dolomite karst.