气候变化下横断山典型湿地优势植物生物量与土壤有机碳积累研究

摘要

指出了高原湿地作为独特的生态系统,其作为生态屏障为应对全球气候变化以及流域安全起到了关键的指示作用.以高原地区典型湿地纳帕海(海拔3260 m)为研究对象,将茭草(IaniaCuciflora)与水葱(Scirpus abernaemontani)2种湿地优势植物整体连同其土壤基质移至海拔更低的丽江拉市海湿地(海拔2437 m)与昆明滇池流域(海拔1886 m),利用其独特的立体气候特征来分析研究纳帕海湿地优势植物生物量增加对土壤有机碳积累的影响.研究表明,在经过6年的自然演化后,2种纳帕海湿地优势植物茭草与水葱移至拉市海后与原生环境相比生物量分别增加50.9%和49.9%,土壤有机碳含量分别降低39.87%和47.31%;移至滇池流域后相比拉市海湿地茭草生物量增加20.3%,水葱生物量增加18.8%,二者的有机碳含量分别下降40.05%和37.82%,表现出温度升高导致湿地生态系统负反馈.通过分析三个研究地不同气候,相同植物-土壤基质的条件下植物生物量与土壤有机碳的异同,揭示了气候变化下纳帕海湿地植物生物量与土壤有机碳积累的相互联系,为保护滇西北湿地生态功能提供理论依据.%Plateau wetland, as a unique ecosystem, is an ecological barrier in response to globalclimate change and the river basin security.In this study, typical wetland Napa lake with 3260 m in plateau area as the research object, we studied the effects of IaniaCuciflora and Scirpus abernaemontani on the dominant soil of the two wetland plants along with the soil matrix to the lower reaches of Lijiang City (2437m above sea level) and the Dianchi Lake Basin (1886m above sea level).Meanwhile, its unique three-dimensional climate characteristics were used to analyze the effect of the increase of biomass on the accumulation of soil organic carbon in the Napahai wetland.The result showed that after six years of natural evolution, the biomass of the two species of Napahai wetland increased by 50.9% and 50.9%.Compared with the original environment, soil organic carbon content was reduced to 39.87% and 47.31% respectively.As for those plants moved to Dianchi lake watershed, Iania Cuciflora's biomass increased by 20.3%;Scirpus tabernaemontani's biomass increased by 18.8%, both of them drop by 40.05% and 37.82% respectively in organic carbon content.These data showed a negative feedback of the wetland ecosystem as the temperature arising.This article attempted to analyze three different climates under the condition of the same matrix between plants and soil as well as the similarities and differences of plant biomass and soil organic carbon.It also tried to reveal interconnection of plant biomass and soil organic carbon accumulation in Napa lake wetland under climate change, providing theoretical basis for protecting the ecological function of Yunnan Northwest wetland.