高山峡谷区1∶50000地质填图技术方法探索与实践——以新疆乌什北山为例

摘要

新疆乌什北山填图试点项目充分发挥遥感技术的先导作用,探索1∶50000高山峡谷区填图方法.不同分辨率遥感数据在岩性、构造解译等方面的差异表明多源遥感数据综合解译能有效提高解译程度.研究认为同一遥感数据最佳波段组合图像、Landsat-8和Worldview-2数据协同图像增强了对岩性和构造识别的能力.高光谱遥感矿物填图和岩性分类、基于ASTER热红外遥感数据的岩石化学成分填图等是高山峡谷区填图有效技术方法.利用ETM和ASTER数据开展矿化蚀变信息提取,结果表明ASTER较ETM数据在铁染异常、羟基异常等提取方面具有更大的优势.分析认为多元信息综合预测是区域找矿的重要途径.根据乌什北山地质地貌特征,选择其中有效技术方法或技术方法组合开展1∶50000地质填图,结果显示在减少剖面测制和路线地质调查数量的同时,达到了填图精度,并取得了若干重要研究成果,为区域构造演化和成矿规律分析总结提供了资料支撑.%The 1∶50000 geological mapping project makes sufficient use of remote sensing technologies to explore new methods of geological mapping in alpine-gorge area of Wushi,Xinjiang.Different spatial resolution remote sensing data can reveal different characteristics of lithology and structures.Integrated interpretations of multi-source remote sensing data can enhance the ability of interpretation effectively.Higher accuracy interpretations of lithologic classification can be obtained by combination of different bands of the same remote sensing image according to the optimum index factor (OIF) and synergestic images of Landsat-8 and worldview-2.Hyperspectral mineral mapping and lithology identification,petrochemistry components mapping using ASTER thermal infrared remote sensing data are useful technologies of geological mapping in alpine-gorge area.Both of the ETM and ASTER data were used to extract alteration information.The result shows that the ASTER data is more useful than ETM data in extracting alteration anomalies,such as ferric contamination anomaly and hydroxyl anomaly.Therefore,it is an important way of multivariate information comprehensive analysis to prospect.Based on the geological and geomorphological features,effective techniques have been selected to complete 1∶50000 geological mapping of the North Mountain,Wushen area,and important research results have been obtained.The sufficient use of remote sensing data can reduce the amount of geologic section and geological survey routes,and achieve the mapping precision.